A study published in Diagnostic Pathology evaluated the immunohistochemical classification of muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) in relation to PD-1 and PD-L1 expression. Conducted on 124 patients with urothelial carcinoma, it was found that a majority of tumors were classified as luminal. Luminal tumors were further subdivided into unstable and papillary subtypes. Results show that PD-1 was highly expressed in luminal tumors, while PD-L1 expression was more common in basal tumors, indicating subtype-based variations in marker expression that could guide treatment strategies.
Newsletters
Receive the latest pathologist news, personalities, education, and career development – weekly to your inbox.
