The Fevers That Felled Napoleon’s Army

Genetic analysis reveals paratyphoid fever and relapsing fever in soldiers.

Remains found in Vilnius, linked to Napoleon's retreat.

Identified Salmonella enterica and Borrelia recurrentis.

Historical symptoms include fever, diarrhea, and fatigue.

Previous studies suggested different pathogens.

Small sample size limits definitive disease range assessment.

Ancient DNA analysis aids in understanding historical epidemics.