Prostate cancer exhibits substantial heterogeneity, requiring detailed stratification into biologically relevant subgroups for better treatment strategies. Advances in gene fusion identification, particularly ETS and non-ETS types, are crucial. Notable non-ETS fusions, like SLC45A3-BRAF and KLK4-KLKP1, have been associated with tumor progression and present potential therapeutic targets. With increasing understanding from large-scale sequencing, this research underpins future precision oncology efforts, emphasizing personalized treatments and non-invasive biomarker discovery.
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