Historic Influenza A Virus, Newly Sequenced

Complete influenza A virus genome reconstructed from 1918 sample.

Study utilized ligation-based RNA sequencing protocol.

Key mutations indicate human adaptation.

Notable substitutions at nucleoprotein positions D16 and P283.

HA gene D222 residue is linked to human receptors.

Phylogenetic analysis showed diversity among viruses.

Short RNA fragments preserved strand orientation.

Genetic variance observed among circulating strains.