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Study focused on biomarker potential of GDF-15 and eGFRdiff in diabetic patients.
Researchers followed 638 Japanese adults for 5 years.
Lower eGFRdiff was linked to higher CKD progression risk.
Elevated GDF-15 levels correlated with increased mortality.
The suggested biomarkers could enhance disease insight and risk stratification.
Study limitations include observational design and population specificity.
